IoT Sensor Types and Applications (Sensors and IoT devices Column Part 1)

Preconceptions of IoT (Internet of Things)

When it comes to IoT, many people think of smart, futuristic systems where information is shared instantly over large cities or the world.For those looking to take advantage of an IoT system—whether to visualize site conditions, increase production efficiency, or detect signs of failure—the first and most difficult step is determining how to collect data from on-site equipment. During that process, however, many people realize that their image of smart devices and IoT is quite different from reality.This involves looking at the types of sensors to install, where to install the sensors, and how to wire the system properly.Selecting the most suitable sensors for the information being acquired requires an understanding of the sensor types and characteristics.
However, even after selecting the right sensors, if the signals and communication standards between the sensors are different, extra equipment will be required for conversions, requiring even more data processing.Selecting sensors based on the interface makes it possible to collect data efficiently and, most importantly, to keep total costs down.

Below, we will offer an in-depth look at sensors and IoT devices as the first part of a three-part series.Feel free to use this information as a reference when building an IoT system.In this first installment, “IoT Sensor Types and Applications,” we will look at the sensors that can be used for IoT systems by looking at the interfaces.

Selecting Sensors Based on Measurement Target and Application

First, let’s take a look at the types of sensors available.The following table provides an overview of the types of sensors and application examples for various measurement targets.

The types of sensors available vary depending on the desired measurement method.For example, for object detection, a human sensor is best for detecting workers, but if the target is a product in a factory, a photoelectric sensor is more suitable.

This means that, even if the measurement target has been decided, available sensors are not limited to just one type, and the best type will vary depending on the application.

Sensor Signals and Communication Standards (Interfaces)

Output signals (interfaces) will vary from one sensor to another. The following table shows example interfaces for specific measurement targets and sensor types.

Interfaces can vary between sensor type and even between manufacturers and products.For example, some temperature/humidity sensors output analog voltage signal while others use RS-485 communication.Some barcode readers also use USB communication while others use RS-232C communication.

Moreover, exchanging data with a sensor requires some means of communication.Communication standards include serial communication, wireless communication, and field network-based communication. The optimal communication standard varies depending on the purpose of the system and the performance required.

Consideration not only for the measurement target and accuracy but also for the interface is essential when selecting a sensor.

Taking the Sensor Interface into Account

IoT systems require a variety of sensors.
The sensor interface varies greatly depending on the sensor type, so particular attention must be paid to the interface between the sensor and the IoT device to ensure connectivity.

Because of the numerous interface combinations between sensors and IoT devices, a wide variety of factors must be taken into consideration.

Contec’s Various Options

CONPROSYS nano Series

The CONPROSYS nano series is perfect for those considering constructing an IoT system with a large number of interfaces.

• Product Page: CONPROSYS nano series

International Standard IO-Link

Sometimes dealing with the different interfaces of the different types of sensors is cumbersome, and many may find themselves wishing for a unified standard to make work simpler.In reality, there are international standards for connecting sensors to networks, and these standards are becoming widespread in Europe and other areas.

The IO-Link international standard IEC 61131-9 has been developed for sensor connection technology.Each sensor manufacturer is responsible for providing sensors compatible with the IO-Link standard.These sensors are connected to an IO-Link master, which transmits the sensor data to the factory network.Contec also offers an IO-Link master.

CONPROSYS IO-Link Master

Meanwhile, the IP67 dust- and drip-proof rating means the product can be used even in wet or dusty environments, making it recommended for use in sites with adverse conditions.

• Product page: CONPROSYS IO-Link master (8 channels)

IO-Link is an international standard for sensor connection technology, but unfortunately, not all sensors are compliant with this standard.This means that, if the sensor currently being used is not IO-Link compliant, connections for each interface may need to be considered.
In the next article, we will look closer at acquiring data through the various sensor interfaces.

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